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A | Sophie 编译 奥克兰警方连夜突击检查了全市94个加油站，此前一周，从Warkworth到Tuakau，奥克兰的5家加油站遭遇入室行窃及抢劫。 On August 10, 1961, American forces for the first time spayed Agent Orange in Vietnam as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand.,Here’s a closer look into this highly toxic defoliant chemical, the use of which by the US military during the 1955-1975 Vietnam War resulted in up to one million people being disabled, according to the Red Cross of Vietnam’s estimates.,What is Agent Orange?,The defoliant derived its name from the color of the orange-striped US gallon barrels in which the chemical was shipped and stored.,It was created in 1940 and used in the United States as an agricultural defoliant, as it had the ability to kill some plants while leaving others unaffected.,Using the Defense Production Act of 1950, the US government prodded several American companies to make Agent Orange for military use. A 50:50 mixture of the herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, the defoliant contains an extremely toxic dioxin compound.,Effects of Agent Orange,A 50:50 mixture of the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Agent Orange contains the Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, the most toxic of the dioxins, classified as a human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency.,Even short-term exposure to TCDD can cause cancer, liver problems and a severe acne-like skin disease, known as chloracne. The dioxin is also linked to type 2 diabetes, immune system dysfunction, nerve disorders, muscular dysfunction, hormone disruption and heart disease.,Additionally, the chemical can cause miscarriages, spina bifida and other problems with fetal brain and nervous system development.,Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam,During the 1955-1975 Vietnam war, the first US defoliation missions were launched near the Vietnamese village of Dak To in 1961.,The goal was to remove cover and concealment used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army, so as to reveal hidden bases, communications centers and potential targets, and to improve visibility in tracking troop movements.,More than 13 million gallons (about 59 million liters) of Agent Orange was used by the US military in Vietnam, or almost two-thirds of the total amount of herbicides used during the entire Vietnam War.,The chemical was available in slightly different mixtures, sometimes referred to as Agent Orange I, Agent Orange II, Agent Orange III and “Super Orange”.,End of Agent Orange?,In 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) urged the Pentagon to end its use of herbicides containing dioxin, specifically Agent Orange, something that the Department of Defense (DoD) eventually did.,Even so, the defoliation campaign continued, with the US military switching to Agent White, a chemical herbicide that did not contain the dioxin contaminant.,In May 1970, the US Air Force (USAF) flew its last defoliation mission, and almost a year later, the DoD announced that all crop destruction missions would also cease.,The remaining 2.22 million gallons of Agent Orange were moved by the USAF to Johnston Island Atoll in the South Pacific, where they were incinerated.,Legacy,The Vietnamese government said that up to four million people in the country were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as three million people had suffered illness because of the defoliant.,The Vietnam Red Cross in turn pointed out that the defoliant had affected at least 150,000 children, and that babies in Vietnam are still being born with birth defects due to Agent Orange. In this regard, numerous studies revealed that dioxin levels are still in place in the blood samples of the citizens of both North and South Vietnam.,The chemical also caused immense environmental damage in Vietnam, with more than 3,100,000 hectares (31,000 km2) of forest being defoliated ( for comparison's sake, Taiwan measures 36,197 km2).,Opinion & AnalysisAnniversary of Agent Orange Disaster: Only United Can We Relieve the Suffering of Many Generations10:21 GMT,Agent Orange-related issues also emerged in the US after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of health problems, including skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, type 2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, prostate cancer and leukemia.,1979 saw a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of 2.4 million US veterans, who were exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam. In 1984, seven major US chemical companies that manufactured the defoliant agreed to pay $180 million in damages to the veterans or their next of kin.,Vietnam War,The 1955-1975 Vietnam War, which involved Laos and Cambodia, pitted communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong revolutionary organization against South Vietnam, supported by Washington.,Preconditions for the war pertained to the desire of North Vietnam, which defeated the French colonial administration in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist authority, like in the Soviet Union or China. The South Vietnamese government, for its part, sought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West.,The US was concerned over the spread of communism to South Vietnam and then to the rest of Asia, which prompted Washington to end money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese government.,On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese boats attacked a US Navy destroyer, the USS Maddox, patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin near Vietnam, in what was used by the White House as a pretext to escalate the war and send American combat units to the South East Asian country. However, the US costs and casualties in the war prompted Washington to withdraw American troops by 1973, and a couple of years later, South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North.,An array of war crimes was committed by the US military during the war, including the My Lai massacre, in which up to 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, including women, children, and infants, were killed by US Army soldiers on March 16, 1968.,Another war crime pertains to Operation Speedy Express, conducted by the US Army in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta between December 1968 and May 1969 as part of the American military’s effort to pacify the Viet Cong. The operation led to 5,000 to 7,000 casualties who were reported to have been civilians.。 在上周日早晨发生的一起抢劫案中，九名抢劫者冲进了Western Springs Caltex的柜台，追赶孤身一人的工作人员。其中一些袭击者持有锤子。 Advertise with us 探长Glenn Baldwin说，自周日以来，警方正在调查五起加油站事件，包括Western Springs的持械抢劫以及Green Bay的另一起，以及对Papatoetoe、Glen Eden和Remuera加油站的入室行窃。
B | 他们仍在追捕犯案的大部分罪犯。
C | 警方表示，至少其中一些可能是同一罪犯所为，并将Western Springs的抢劫与之前发生在Mt Roskill TAB的一起抢劫联系起来，一名青少年昨天因此被捕。 在Counties Manukau地区，警方逮捕了5人，他们涉嫌参与12月和1月在奥克兰南区的10起加油站持械抢劫案。
D | 所有被捕的人都在13到19岁之间，Baldwin说。 “我们正在调查涉及多起这类犯罪的罪犯之间的潜在联系。” “我们对这类犯罪的经验是，通常罪犯会参与不止一起案件。
E | ” 周四，警方表示，他们连夜对奥克兰各地的94个加油站进行了“预防性检查”。 “从奥克兰北部的Warkworth到南部的Tuakau和Mercer，我们的一线警察优先前往了加油站，并为工作人员提供安全保障。”Baldwin说。 ““在其中一个加油站，有一名男子因为与抢劫无关的事情被逮捕。” “初步反馈很积极，我们将继续进行这样的巡逻，作为我们的一项部署。” 除了一连串的加油站犯罪事件外，警方还逮捕了一名2月29日持械抢劫Mt Roskill TAB的青少年。
F | Baldwin说：“昨天晚些时候，警方在Mt Roskill的一个地址执行了一份搜查令，一名16岁男子被逮捕并被控以持械抢劫。” “调查进展顺利，预计会有更多人被逮捕。” 警方表示，他们已经将TAB事件与三天后Western Springs的持械抢劫联系起来。 “与我们的社区一样，警方对一些在工作中发生的暴力行为感到震惊。” “我们将继续努力追究那些对企业和员工造成伤害的罪犯的责任。” 相关阅读： 奥克兰又一家加油站被抢了！工作人员遭袭击 两天内三家加油站被抢，奥克兰的治安还在恶化！ 新西兰日常：13岁当劫匪，青少年光天化日打劫西区加油站...... 注：本文为编译/原创，欢迎转发分享；但严禁复制等未经授权的非法使用。违反上述声明者，本网将追究其相关法律责任。使用授权请联系[email protected]。 chineseherald.co.nz All Rights Reserved 版权所有 (责编：Sophie) 相关内容 奥克兰两名司机逃逸后发生事故，一行人受伤，警车被撞 上任100天，总理谈百日计划的成败，将宣布最后五项重要目标 现在起！奥克兰华人赶紧做这件事！关乎每位业主的钱袋子，未来生活你说了算...... 新西兰媒体熬不住了？Newshub要关，TVNZ将大量裁员 快讯：奥克兰New Lynn发现自制爆炸装置！ 新西兰毒品消费翻番，1/10人口吸食大麻 奥克兰又一家加油站被抢了！工作人员遭袭击 政府计划修建15条国家重要道路，全部四车道，预计要花……。
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